Tracking Transfer of Reform Methodology from Science and Math College Courses to the Teaching Style of Beginning Teachers of Grades 5-12

The purpose of this study was to determine if reformed science and math courses at community colleges and the university were impacting education majors as they began a teaching career. The reformed courses, in contrast to typical lecture classes, implemented inquiry-based methods that emphasized deep understanding of fundamental science and math concepts. Trained evaluators, utilizing the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) gathered a total of 86 classroom observations to gauge the level of reform that beginning teachers (one to three years’ teaching experience) were implementing in grades 5-12. The pre-service experience of the beginning teachers varied from having had zero to four reform courses. Results indicated that teachers who had completed reform college courses instructed in a significantly more reformed manner. Furthermore, analysis of years of teaching experience revealed that, while both control and experimental groups achieved higher RTOP scores as they progressed from year to year, the experimental group significantly outpaced their counterparts

Alien Registration- Corkum, Judson D. (Boothbay, Lincoln County)

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The IRS\u27 Classification Settlement Program: Is it an Adequate Tool to Relieve Taxpayer Burden for Small Businesses that have Misclassified Workers as Independent Contractors

This Note argues that the timely filing of informational tax forms should not be a condition of an IRS Classification Settlement Program (CSP) settlement offer; the CSP should incorporate more settlement options; and the CSP should make settlement offers mandatory. Part II of this Note will discuss the legal history behind worker classification. Part III will demonstrate the unique situation of the small business owner in classifying workers. Part IV will explain § 530, a safe harbor provision for small business owners who have incorrectly classified workers. Part V will introduce the CSP in detail and explain its applications. Part VI will highlight the shortcomings of the CSP. Part VII will discuss possible solutions to CSP shortcomings. Part VII will conclude

LOW-RESISTANCE JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CANCER CELLS IN VARIOUS SOLID TUMORS

Electrical coupling, which reveals the presence of specialized low-resistance intercellular junctions, has now been found in four types of tumors, Sarcoma 180, Novikoff hepatoma, and Morris hepatomas 3924-A and 7777. Coupled cancer cells were distinguished from coupled normal cells by intracellular marking techniques. Although the evidence suggests that coupling may be extensive in some cases, it is not possible to say that the coupling was normal. In particular, the results do not exclude less obvious defects in the specialized junctions, such as abnormal distribution or decreased permeability to molecules other than small inorganic ions. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies of coupling in Novikoff hepatomas and in cultures of S1801 and II cell lines

The IRS\u27 Classification Settlement Program: Is it an Adequate Tool to Relieve Taxpayer Burden for Small Businesses that have Misclassified Workers as Independent Contractors

This Note argues that the timely filing of informational tax forms should not be a condition of an IRS Classification Settlement Program (CSP) settlement offer; the CSP should incorporate more settlement options; and the CSP should make settlement offers mandatory. Part II of this Note will discuss the legal history behind worker classification. Part III will demonstrate the unique situation of the small business owner in classifying workers. Part IV will explain § 530, a safe harbor provision for small business owners who have incorrectly classified workers. Part V will introduce the CSP in detail and explain its applications. Part VI will highlight the shortcomings of the CSP. Part VII will discuss possible solutions to CSP shortcomings. Part VII will conclude

Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection- laboratory and field studies

In developing a site for geologic sequestration, one must assess potential consequences of failure to adequately contain injected carbon dioxide (CO2). Upward migration of CO2 or displacement of saline water because of increased pressure might impact protected water resources 100s to 1000s of meters above a sequestration interval. Questions posed are: (1) Can changes in chemistry of fresh water aquifers provide evidence of CO2 leakage from deep injection/sequestration reservoirs containing brine and or hydrocarbons? (2) What parameters can we use to assess potential impacts to water quality? (3) If CO2 leakage to freshwater aquifers occurs, will groundwater quality be degraded and if so, over what time period? Modeling and reaction experiments plus known occurrences of naturally CO2-charged potable water show that the common chemical reaction products from dissolution of CO2 into freshwater include rapid buffering of acidity by dissolution of calcite and slower equilibrium by reaction with clays and feldspars. Results from a series of laboratory batch reactions of CO2 with diverse aquifer rocks show geochemical response within hours to days after introduction of CO2. Results included decreased pH and increased concentrations of cations in CO2 experimental runs relative to control runs using argon (Ar). Some cation (Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sr) concentrations increased over and an order of magnitude during CO2 runs. Results are aquifer dependant in that experimental vessels containing different aquifer rocks showed different magnitudes of increase in cation concentrations. Field studies designed to improve understanding of risk to fresh water are underway in the vicinity of (1) SACROC oilfield in Scurry County, Texas, USA where CO2 has been injected for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) since 1972 and (2) the Cranfield unit in Adams County, Mississippi, USA where CO2 EOR is currently underway. Both field studies are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regional carbon sequestration partnership programs and industrial sponsors. Preliminary results of groundwater monitoring are currently available for the SACROC field study where researchers investigated 68 water wells and one spring during five field excursions between June 2006 and July 2008. Results to date show no trend of preferential degradation below drinking water standards in areas of CO2 injection (inside SACROC) as compared to areas outside of the SACROC oil field.Bureau of Economic Geolog